Complications with Missions to the Native Americans by...

Missions to the Native Americans by Europeans have always intertwined with complications. Since the first generations of missionaries within the Americas, there have always been mixed motives and cultural misunderstandings in the outreach to the natives. Some groups saw the Native Americans as a group of people who were only a means to an end, motivated by mere self-interest, and not the spread of Christendom. Others tarnished relationships with natives through unintentional means. Even ignorance of the unknown presuppositions held by each culture led to tension between people groups. An example can be seen in the giving of land by the Native Americans to the Puritans. When they natives gave the land to the Puritans, they were unaccustomed to the philosophy of private property, and â€Å"when they discovered that the Puritans wanted to keep these tracts exclusively for themselves, without title ever reverting to those who had originally loaned it, the Indians grew bitter.† Th ere was also an ever-growing sense of Western pride, and many whites saw themselves as superior, especially the English, â€Å"who seemed the most arrogant about this fact and the leas concerned to preserve any aspect of native civilization. Few Englishmen cared to save aboriginal peoples even if they could persuade them to adopt the values, habits, and materials of a superior culture.† Despite this, there were others who saw America as an untapped land of not only commercial opportunity, but a land ofShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Diabetes On The United States968 Words   |  4 Pages The American Diabetes Association (2004) defines diabetes as a subset of metabolic diseases associated with hyperglycemia secondary to insulin failing to release, act, or both. Complications related to chronic diabetes can be detrimental to one’s health including but not limited to: heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, amputations, blindness, and other optical diseases. Furthermore, the prevalence of diabetes is rising at an astronomical rate within the United States as well as internationallyRead MoreCultural Perspectives On American Expansionist, Colonial And Slave Society1628 Words   |  7 PagesExpanding upon his reflection to see varying social perspectives on American expansionist, colonial and slave society contexts, one notes that officials of European descent includin g Meriwether Lewis, William Clark and John Eliot converted white words and ideas into literal and figurative terms that they believed Native Americans mutually understood to persuade tribal leaders to adopt white mores. Accordingly, some Native Americans responded to these jabs of white coercion through outright resistanceRead MoreRace, Gender, And Class1501 Words   |  7 Pagesbegin my research about immigration from what is was back in the day until modern times. Immigrants play such an important role in American History. People from different countries arrive to â€Å"The New World†, searching for freedom, power, land, and a better life. It is a very interesting topic for me, since I immigrate to this country as well, searching for the American Dream just as anybody else. However, after so many years I always wonder, is it really worth it to sacrifice injustices and hate againstRead MoreThe s Survival Of The Fittest Theory1875 Words   |  8 Pagesimmature and immoral f or not believing in Jesus Christ. He argued as an advanced nation, the United States was responsible for educating and civilizing the native population the U.S. now controlled. Some White Man’s Burden supporters believed there was â€Å"a hope that...[the inferior population can]...become subject to†¦[the]...civilizing mission, impact of Christianity they will gradually and somehow by some magic turn into†¦[superior] Englishmen and women†(Bell). Some supporters even argued that â€Å"weRead MoreHoward Zinn Defines American Exceptionalism As The Belief1845 Words   |  8 PagesHoward Zinn defines American exceptionalism as the belief â€Å"...that the United States alone has the right, whether it be divine sanction or moral obligation, to bring civilization, or democracy, or liberty to the rest of the world, by violence if necessary.† The American exceptionalist ideology has domestic implications found in political rhetoric and within the founding of the United States. External implications of exceptionalism are evident in American foreign policy and militaristic interventionsRead MoreNative American Alaska Native Cultural Project5977 Words   |  24 PagesCultural Project: Native Americans and Alaska Natives Introduction The outline and presentation for this assignment generally follows the presentations from Giger’s (2009) Application of Assessment and Intervention Techniques to Specific Cultural Groups. There are over 500 Federally Recognized tribes in the U.S., plus some additional tribes recognized by states, plus unknown number of smaller unrecognized tribes. Many are also divided into clans and loosely categorized into major groups. Read MoreHabeas Corpus : Historical Background3278 Words   |  14 Pagesthe context of the war on terrorism, and their findings-and the analysis that support those findings-reinforces this position. Habeas corpus (Latin for â€Å"may you have the body†) is a component of English law that became one of the cornerstones of American law. The noted jurist and legal scholar William Blackstone, notes that the term habeas corpus was used in the early 1300s during the reign of King Edward I. There are, however, indications that the concept may go back as far as the 12th century,Read MoreHuman Rights : The Most Important Socio Political Event Of Our Time3698 Words   |  15 Pageslegislation leaves broad ambiguity of both implementation and meaning, but interpretation of this right has followed a general pattern. In the case of McCann v United Kingdom, the European Court of Human Rights held the right to life as â€Å"one of the most fundamental provisions† (1995). In Villagran-Morales v Guatemala, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights stated â€Å"The right to life is a fundamental human right, and the exercise of this right is essential for the exercise of all other human rights. If itRead MoreDub Poetry in and from Jamaica9895 Words   |  40 Pagesnon-commercial character of dub poetry is its invariable use of Jamaican Creole to express â€Å"Word, Sound and Power† rather than performing in Standard English for commercial purposes. Therefore this paper argues that through dub poetry, especially the native Creole lyrics, the artist is able to constitute an African identity. The message is supported by the special style and structure of the poem, quite often but not necessarily underlined by music. This thesis will firstly be underlined thoughout theRead MoreAn Introduction to Intercultural Communication29172 Words   |  117 Pagesdifferent ways on the seen. Stereotypes: An Intercultural No-No As more or more people from different backgrounds, countries, cultures and religions immigrate to foreign lands, those countries become an intercultural melting pot. In order for the native people and the immigrant population to blend and create a thriving and successful atmosphere both sides need to develop some sort of intercultural tolerance and understanding of the differences that may exist between them. An example of poor intercultural

The Motivational Factor Free Essays

Motivation is a process in which the individual’s attention and interests are aroused and directed towards definite goals. One’s attention and interest can be evoked to the extent that the person’s needs, May it be basic or acquired are the ones involved (Bustos, 1996). Learning is a process inferred from relatively stable changes in behavior that result through practice or interaction with and adaptation to the environment (Goodwin and Klausmeier, 1975; 1978). We will write a custom essay sample on The Motivational Factor or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is the modification of organism’s behavior as a result of maturation and environmental experiences (Garrison and Magoon, 1975). It has been said that the most effective learning takes place when there is a maximum mental activity on the part of the learner. This mental activity can be best achieved through strong motivation thus motivation is basic to learning. A motivational factor varies according to age, needs, attitudes, intelligence, training and experience. An individual may respond to a particular stimulus due to some changes in his/her environment or something unusual is noticed. These factors that catch the attention of the learner can be utilized by the teacher in order to motivate learning. Since motivational factors varies, the   teacher should take into consideration then the nature of the child, past experiences, the environment, the needs and wants, as well as the individual differences. For instance if you are teaching 3rd graders the teacher should look into their developmental tasks so he/she (the teacher) would be able to associate his/her activities to the subject matter which the students attention are evoked. An intrinsic motivation are internal desires to perform a particular task, people do certain activities because it gives them pleasure, develops a particular skill, or it’s morally the right thing to do. However extrinsic motivations are external factors that are not related to the task they are performing. The more attached the person to the task he/she is performing the eager he/she does the work for the sense of fulfillment while people who are awarded with external things in order to perform a particular task (Deci and Ryan, 1985) would not be able to appreciate the job he/she performed but more likely to be bribed and would not feel fulfilled with his performance but rather with the thing he/she got because of it. Teacher’s especially teaching children who are still in their formation years should be very careful as to how they deal with their students. Intrinsic motivation should likely be done in order for them to grow as responsible human beings who will do good things without bribing them of anything just to provoke them in doing a particular stuff. On the other hand, parents as well must do the same thing at home since discipline starts at home. Activities at school must possess more on the affective domain of the learner and the rest follows. Motivation at this early stage on the development of the child lies more on his/her environment. The very concern of the teacher now is the knowledge and application of motivation and its sustainability. A lesson plan without a motivation is considered as incomplete. A teacher carries out the potentialities of the students with the motivation he/she has in store and so therefore he/she should be very well oriented with the factor that affects motivation to motivate his/her learners effectively. References: Bustos, Alicia S.Ed.D and Espiritu, Socoro PhD. (1996). Anthrpological, and Sociological Foundations of Education.   Quezon City, Philippines. KATHA Publishing Inc. Deci   and Ryan.1985.Intrinsic Motivation. ChangingMinds.Org. http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/intrinsic_motivation.htm          How to cite The Motivational Factor, Essay examples

Aboriginal Cultural Safety for Respect and Value- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAboriginal Cultural Safety for Respect and Value. Answer: The legislative piece of framework that applies to the concern of cultural safety for the aboriginals and the Torres state islanders can be the Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003. The primary objective of this act has been to establish a legal or statutory duty of care for each and every citizen to respect, value, and protect the cultural heritage of the aboriginals. This act ensures cultural safety restored and maintained at all costs by facilitating prosecution and considerable fines in case anyone does not comply with the legal requirements of respecting and restoring the cultural heritage of the aboriginals (Freeman et al. 2014). System of kinship: The system of kinship can be defined as the social organization and family relationship in the aboriginal culture all over the central states of Australia. This is a complex social organization system that determines the organization of the roles, responsibilities, and obligations of the aboriginals to the rest of the community concerning to ceremonial business and land related issues (Freeman et al. 2014). Dreaming: Dreaming is a term used by the aboriginals in order to describe the spiritual connections that they bear with their ancestors, along with the natural and moral element of the world. Aboriginal languages: In the 18th century, there have been more than 250 aboriginal social groupings reported and there have been a linguistic diversity in the aboriginal culture in accordance with it. In the current age, 150 aboriginal languages are still in use and 137 among them are still being reportedly transferred across generations (Freeman et al. 2014). Importance of traditional law: The traditional laws within the aboriginal communities are very distinct from the general Australian national laws and they hold extreme importance to the aboriginals in respect of social or community issues, land related conflict, or interpersonal issues. European settlement on the aboriginal lands had a devastating effect on the wellbeing of the aboriginal communities. The dispossession of their lands affected the communities by the means of exposure to communicable disease outbreaks, violent conflict, and bloodshed which inevitably led to a vast number of deaths from the aboriginal communities (Altman and Hinkson 2010). The aboriginal communities continue to face extreme racial vilification even in the current age, and the impact of the discrimination is manifested across different social and personal sectors of human life. For instance, the aboriginals encounter inequitable and reduced access to health care, unequal exposure to various health adversity risk factors, elevated stress levels and impaired cognitive health, and social rejection and withdrawal (Smye, Josewski and Kendall 2010). The socio-economic and political power relationship and power gradient have been developing in the aboriginal communities and society since the early phases of colonization and is still continuing even after 40 years of empowerment and recognition of the aboriginal communities. There is a distinct emphasis of political power and association in the aboriginal communities to form the social gradients and as a result there has been a significant manifestation of a gradient pattern in the socio-economic status of the aboriginals in terms of social acceptance and privileges (Herring et al. 2013). The three factors that affect the health and wellbeing of the aboriginals and Torres Strait islanders can be the discrimination, predominant health behavior and the lack of health literacy. For instance, the discrimination on the basis of ethnicity, cultural background, race and socio-economic status affects the health outcomes of the aboriginals drastically by the means of lifestyle standards and income patterns. Along with that the discrimination often propels the aboriginals within the poverty levels as they are not allowed the most of social benefits. Although, the predominant health behaviors in aboriginals is also a key concern in terms of health risk factors. For instance smoking and inclination towards spiritual healing and sedentary lifestyle can be considered influential risk factors for coronary heart diseases and diabetes in the aboriginals, however the impact of these factors are minimal in respect to discrimination. Although the impact of lack of health literacy imparts a significant detrimental effect on the health and well being of the aboriginals in terms of communicable outbreaks and other related health adversities. Therefore, all the three mentioned factors impart a disproportionate effect on the health outcomes of the aboriginals, discrimination with the highest, lack of health literacy with intermediate and health behavior with minimal impact (Williamson and Harrison 2010). Decision making: Trauma can significantly affect the decision making power of an individual by considerable pattern by affecting the reasonable and critical analytical thinking capability of an individual. A traumatized person might not interpret the severity of the situation correctly and will inevitably end up making wrong decisions and judgments (Taylor and Guerin 2010). Communicating: The impact of trauma is exponential on the communication skills of the individuals as well. Trauma often affects the cognitive health and wellbeing of the victim and the resultant lack of self esteem and confidence might affect the communicational prowess of the individual. Understanding: Trauma often affects the understanding power of the victim as well, it has to be understood that the cognitive health and wellbeing of the individuals exponentially. Although the impact on the cognitive abilities depends on the severity of the trauma, however, depression, paranoia and anxiety often clouds the understanding abilities of trauma victims (Smye, Josewski and Kendall 2010). Retaining information: As mentioned above the impact of trauma is exponential on the cognitive abilities, and as a result the memorizing and retention power of the individuals. It has to be understood that the trauma victims are often depressed, anxious and live through a constant state of fear and paranoia, and hence forgetfulness is a common and somewhat inevitable consequence (Rigby et al. 2011). Patient centered care is the core structural element under which the patents get the ability to voice their own preferences and grievances when it comes to health care planning and delivery. One way to ensure the aboriginals to participate in the care planning procedure is to develop a mutually respectful therapeutic relationship with the patients so that they feel comfortable to voice their opinion in the care planning context. Another very beneficial technique is to employ a cultural liaison executive or linguistic assistance s that communication can be simplified between the patients and the care professionals. Lastly, aboriginals feel dearly for the traditional healing culture, incorporating traditional healing techniques in the care planning will not only facilitate cultural safety but also will ensure involvement from the patient (Rigby et al. 2011). The aged members of the aboriginal communities play a pivotal role in the upbringing of their grandchildren o great grandchildren. As they are emotionally connected to their grandchildren and are extremely dependent on their company, the distance from them in the health care facility can facilitate agitation, depression, anxiety and non-cooperation in the patient which will hinder the care planning and delivery (Kildea et al. 2010). Two critical issues that impact the establishment of therapeutic relationship between the patient and the health care provider is the resilience in the patients and difference in cultural believes and discrimination (Herring et al. 2013). Two critical factors that can complicate effective communication between the patients belonging to aboriginal backgrounds and health care is the linguistic barrier and the lack of cultural safety perceived by the aboriginals that propel them to not co-operate with the care providers (Gerlach 2012). Consent is an essential element of providing safe and effective patient centered care to the patients, however in case if the aboriginal patients the language barrier often complicates the process of consent collection that mandates the health care professionals to clearly communicate to the patents and their family members regarding the care activities that is going to be taken. Two strategies that can be taken to ensure better communication regarding the consent issues is employing a language or aboriginal culture expert who can effectively communicate with the aboriginal patients regarding the consent and the importance of it. The second strategy will include patient non-verbal or written communication method so that the aboriginals can understand the consent giving procedures and can co-operate (Freeman et al. 2014). The three strategies that in will incorporate to ensure a effective professional partnership between the patients, staff and aboriginal communities are: Culturally safe environment for the aboriginals in the care facility (Durey et al. 2012). Implementing culturally safe and respectful communicational and professional attitude to the aboriginal communities Health informative campaigning in simple and easy to understand language to involve the aboriginal families to enhance health literacy (Durey 2010). Three resources that can be used to promote partnership in the context of aboriginal cultural safety are The Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003, Aboriginal Protection Act, amd aboriginal cultural safety framework for NSW (Downing, Kowal and Paradies 2011). References: Altman, J. and Hinkson, M., 2010.Culture crisis: Anthropology and politics in Aboriginal Australia. University of New South Wales Press. Downing, R., Kowal, E. and Paradies, Y., 2011. Indigenous cultural training for health workers in Australia.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,23(3), pp.247-257. Durey, A., 2010. Reducing racism in Aboriginal health care in Australia: where does cultural education fit?.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health,34(s1). Durey, A., Wynaden, D., Thompson, S.C., Davidson, P.M., Bessarab, D. and Katzenellenbogen, J.M., 2012. Owning solutions: a collaborative model to improve quality in hospital care for Aboriginal Australians.Nursing inquiry,19(2), pp.144-152. Freeman, T., Edwards, T., Baum, F., Lawless, A., Jolley, G., Javanparast, S. and Francis, T., 2014. Cultural respect strategies in Australian Aboriginal primary health care services: beyond education and training of practitioners.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,38(4), pp.355-361. Gerlach, A.J., 2012. A critical reflection on the concept of cultural safety.Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy,79(3), pp.151-158. Herring, S., Spangaro, J., Lauw, M. and McNamara, L., 2013. The intersection of trauma, racism, and cultural competence in effective work with aboriginal people: Waiting for trust.Australian Social Work,66(1), pp.104-117. Kildea, S., Kruske, S., Barclay, L. and Tracy, S., 2010. Closing the Gap: how maternity services can contribute to reducing poor maternal infant health outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women.Rural and Remote Health,10(3). Rigby, W., Duffy, E., Manners, J., Latham, H., Lyons, L., Crawford, L. and Eldridge, R., 2011. Closing the gap: Cultural safety in Indigenous health education.Contemporary Nurse,37(1), pp.21-30. Smye, V., Josewski, V. and Kendall, E., 2010. Cultural safety: An overview.First Nations, Inuit and Mtis Advisory Committee,1, p.28. Taylor, K. and Guerin, P., 2010.Health care and Indigenous Australians: cultural safety in practice. Macmillan Education AU. Williamson, M. and Harrison, L., 2010. Providing culturally appropriate care: a literature review.International journal of nursing studies,47(6), pp.761-769.

Marketing Plan for the Samsung Galaxy Tablet

Introduction Marketing refers to â€Å"the set of institutions, activities, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging goods and services that have value for customers, partners, and the society†. Thus, marketing aims at identifying and satisfying customers’ needs effectively.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan for the Samsung Galaxy Tablet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Marketing is crucial to an organization’s success. It enables an organization to â€Å"integrate and align its resources and functions to an overall goal of customer satisfaction†. Effective marketing requires a marketing plan. A marketing plan refers to â€Å"a written document that describes how an organization intends to reach its target market†. It entails a situation analysis, an organization’s goals, marketing strategies, and marketing mix decisions. This pap er discusses the marketing plan for the successful development, commercialization, and introduction of the Samsung galaxy tablet into the market. Situation Analysis Strengths In the past decades, Samsung has emerged as one of the most competitive companies. Samsung boasts of several strengths. First, it focuses on producing electronic devices with a hardware system, which is compatible with most software and operating systems. This has enabled Samsung to have an edge over its competitors such as Apple. As a result, â€Å"Samsung’s Android mobile phones and tablets have gained a huge market share as opposed to Apple’s iOS and OS X†. Second, Samsung is one of the most innovative mobile phone companies. For example, â€Å"in 2011 Samsung was among the top patent assignees in the United States of America†. The acquisition of several patents has enabled it to surpass most of its competitors. Additionally, the company has won several awards for its productsâ₠¬â„¢ designs, which are user friendly and unique. Samsung also has a major focus on designing environmentally friendly products.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Third, the company has a strong financial base because it has a significant market share in a number of its products’ categories. Moreover, Samsung’s manufacturing firms are located in countries where the cost of production is relatively low. As a result, it incurs low costs of production; hence, it can offer its products at a lower price. Fourth, Samsung has managed to market its brand effectively. It is among the top rising brands. â€Å"From 2011 to 2012, the company’s popularity rose by 40 percent†. This rise was mainly attributed to strategic marketing techniques. For example, the company uses varied avenues such as sporting events to market its products. Weaknesses Despite its streng ths, Samsung faces a number of challenges. First, the company lacks its own software. Software production can enable a company to attain a high profit margin. It also helps to popularize a company’s product and promote its brand loyalty. Therefore, Samsung is disadvantaged compared to its main competitors such as Apple. Second, the company has businesses in a number of industries. Thus, â€Å"it might lose focus by competing in several industries†. In the past years, Samsung has been found guilty of patent infringement. Consequently, this has had a negative effect on its reputation. Third, Samsung is one of the largest electronic companies in the world. Nonetheless, the company experiences a relatively low gross profit margin due to the company’s aggressive price cuts on its products. Opportunities Samsung has numerous opportunities that it can seize in order to enable it expand further. For instance, â€Å"the smartphone market in India is one of the least pen etrated among the Asian countries†. Therefore, its strong presence in India can enable it to maximize gains in India’s smartphone market. The introduction of smartphones and tablets has led to a major increase in the demand for application processors. Fortunately, â€Å"Samsung is one of the main manufacturers of application processors for tablets and smartphones†. Therefore, Samsung stands a better chance of meeting this demand because it has a superior experience in the production of processors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan for the Samsung Galaxy Tablet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Samsung is also one of the dominant players in the tablet market. Therefore, the company has high chances of expanding its niche in the tablet market by producing unique and high quality tablet models. Samsung has a large patents portfolio. As a result, it has a competitive advantage over it rivals. Therefore, it can be able to acquire more patents through acquisition of other firms. Threats Samsung faces a number of threats to its business operations. First, the smartphone market in the developed countries is highly saturated; hence, it might not reap major gains in the developed countries. Second, rapid technological change is also a major threat to the company. Currently, Samsung is under pressure to keep on producing new products at a faster rate. However, this is often difficult whenever a company aims at being innovative and successful because innovations take considerable time. Third, Samsung is prone to experience major price wars. For instance, the company has been offering its products at a relatively lower price compared to its competitors. Therefore, its competitors may also follow the trend. Unfortunately, this will significantly erode Samsung’s profit margins, which are already low. Industry Trends and Competition Samsung is one of the major compan ies in the tablet industry. Others include Apple, Asus, Acer, and Nokia. All the players in the tablet industry have continued to produce new tablet models. For example, at the beginning of 2014, Asus introduced the Transformer Book TD300. â€Å"The new tablet model by Asus switches instantly from Windows 8.1 to Android and back†. In a similar manner, Apple has also developed new tablet models such as the iPad Air, which â€Å"has a thinner aluminum body chassis, identical to the iPad mini†. Furthermore, the tablet market is likely to expand due to an anticipated decline in the use of laptops. A number of people have adopted tablets because of their convenience.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tablets are portable and effective compared to laptops and desktops. Consequently, there has been a rise in the demand and supply of tablets in the market. This has led to a stiff competition among various companies. Therefore, the price and quality of a tablet plays a critical role in determining customers’ purchasing patterns. The Organization’s Mission Statement A mission statement is a statement of purpose. It explains the reason for the existence of an organization. It guides the decisions and actions of an organization. A mission statement for a commercial company should comprise three major elements. These include â€Å"the key market, the contribution of the organization, and the distinction of its product or service†. Therefore, Samsung will adopt the following mission statement: â€Å"to be the most successful electronic company in the world by developing user friendly tablets that brings a lively experience to all internet users.† Performance g oals The company will pursue the following goals. First, the company aims at realizing a monthly turnover of $500,000. Second, the company aims at supplying the Samsung galaxy tablet to the major online stores by the end of the first month after its launch. Third, the company plans to distribute the Samsung galaxy tablet in all Asian countries within the first six months. Marketing strategy A marketing strategy should â€Å"enable an organization to concentrate its resources on the optimal opportunities with the major aim of increasing sales and achieving sustainable competitive advantage†. A marketing strategy is one of the most essential elements of a marketing plan. A number of marketing strategies are often developed as long-term plans. In such a case, an organization is often required to develop a tactical plan. A tactical plan spells out what an organization aims at achieving within a period of one year. There are different types of marketing strategies that a company c an adopt. The choice of a particular marketing strategy is largely determined by the situation analysis. For instance, the strengths and opportunities identified in the situation analysis determine the strategy that a company adopts. In most instances, a company’s success is determined by its strengths and opportunities. Similarly, the choice of a marketing strategy depends on an organization’s mission statement, as well as, the company’s goals and objectives. Some of the marketing strategies include the product differentiation strategy, cost leadership strategy, and the market focus strategy. The product differentiation strategy involves the creation of a product or service that is distinct from one’s competitors. Therefore, a company that adopts this strategy will have to ensure that its product has specific attributes that are unique from other products in the market. On the other hand, the cost leadership strategy is intended to enable a company to at tract cost-sensitive customers. Thus, a company will sell its product at a relatively lower price compared to its competitors. This strategy is most suitable for a company, which incurs lower production and marketing costs. The market focus strategy requires a company to describe its market scope. Thus, a company can choose to have a narrow market scope or a broader market scope. Additionally, â€Å"a company may opt to specialize in the production of a particular product in order to meet the unique needs of customers in a given market segment†. Samsung will adopt the product differentiation strategy. This strategy will be most suitable for commercialization and introduction of the Samsung galaxy tablet into the market. The Samsung galaxy tablet has a distinct model from other tablets in the market. Its model is user friendly and can enable internet users to enjoy lively internet browsing. For instance, the Samsung galaxy tablet has a wider screen, which can enable a user to perform multiple tasks. Additionally, the Samsung galaxy tablet is lighter; hence, portable. Market Segmentation Samsung targets people who are eighteen years and above. The company targets adults because the galaxy tablet will facilitate their activities. For example, the tablet has several applications with varied functions. The Samsung galaxy tablet will also be suitable for both male and female users. For instance, the galaxy tablet has different colors such as black, yellow, and silver. Thus, users have a chance to make a choice between the colors available. Additionally, the Samsung galaxy tablet is lighter. As a result, it can easily fit into a jacket’s pocket or in a handbag. Samsung also targets all professionals in various fields. For instance, the galaxy tablet will be suitable for businesspersons who use the internet several times in a day to communicate with clients. It is also suitable for professionals who may wish to prepare and make presentations. The galaxy tablet will also be suitable for professionals who travel regularly. Therefore, the Samsung galaxy tablet can enable them to work while travelling. Integrated Marketing Mix Product Samsung galaxy tablet is seven inches long. It has two cameras and is compatible with a flash disk. â€Å"The Samsung galaxy tablet uses Android 2.2 with market support†. It also has a number of pre-installed applications. Finally, â€Å"the Samsung galaxy tablet has five default home screens†. Price The Samsung galaxy tablet will cost approximately $600 to $500. However, the price will differ from one country to another. One of the major price determinants for the Samsung galaxy tablet will be the market situation in a given country. For instance, factors such as market competition and cost of operations incurred by distributors will influence the local prices in various countries. Location and Distribution Samsung dealers will distribute the Samsung galaxy tablet to all regions within thei r respective countries. The tablet will be available in the major retail stores in various countries. In addition, customers will also have the privilege to purchase the tablet from online stores. Promotion Samsung will use various advertisement channels to market its galaxy tablet. For instance, Samsung will use both print and electronic media for advertisement. The company also intends to organize major sales promotions in the first three months. Summary and recommendations for the execution of the plan This marketing plan aims at maximizing Samsung’s profits. It provides a detailed description of the company’s strengths such as a large market share, superior experience in the production of electronic devices, and sustained innovation. The company intends to use the product differentiation strategy as its marketing strategy. The company should take note of the following factors in order to execute the marketing plan effectively. First, the company should conduct regu lar evaluation in order to determine progress. It should use the evaluation results to make improvements where necessary. Second, the company should ensure a timely distribution of the tablets immediately after the launch of the galaxy tablet. Third, the company should minimize costs in the execution of the marketing plan in order to increase its gross profit margin Conclusion From the above discussion, it is evident that a marketing plan is a crucial tool that enables a company to have an edge over its competitors. It provides a situation analysis that spells out a company’s strengths and opportunities. Therefore, a marketing plan helps to focus a company’s operations, goals, and decisions. References Jurevicius, O. (2013, May 13). SWOT Anayses. Retrieved from Strategic Management Insight: https://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/ Proctor, T., Chernev, A. (2002). Strategic Marketing: An Introduction. Psychology Press: London. Samsung. (2013). Galaxy Tabs. Retrieved from Samsung: https://www.samsung.com/us/ Whalley, A. (2010). Marketing Definition. London: Bookboon. This essay on Marketing Plan for the Samsung Galaxy Tablet was written and submitted by user Marlee Ratliff to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Land form Pattern and Processes essays

Land form Pattern and Processes essays Chapter 1 Land form Patterns and Processes 2. List the zones of the earth. For each zone state the thickness, and two features of each. (A) Inner Core: 2700 km, solid and made mostly of iron with lesser amounts of nickle. (B) Outer Core: 2300 km, molten and made mostly of iron and nickle (C) Mantle: 2900 km, divided into lower and upper levels, the asthenosphere is in plastic state, sometimes acting like a liquid (D) Mohorovicic Discontinuity: -, Boundary between mantle and lithosphere, at which earthquake waves abruptly change speeds. (E) Lithosphere 1-100 km, lowest density, solid and rigid, and can be divided into layers one under the ocean basins and one making up continents. 3. (A) What are the two main materials that make up the lithosphere? The two main materials that make up the earths lithosphere are aluminum and magnesium. Minerals are the combination of elements. 3. (C) What are the two most common elements in minerals? The two most common elements in minerals are oxygen and silicon. 4. What is the difference between igneous and sedimentary rock? Igneous: rock forms when molten substance underneath the surface, called magma or lava cools down and crystallizes. Sedimentary: Forms when groups of rock pieces merge and cement together. Metamorphic: referring to the change in a rock from its original from by heat or by pressure beneath the earths surface. Metamorphic rock is a rock thus changed. Topography: the natural and human features of the earths surface. 7. (A) What are the two types of flat regions? The two types of flat regions are plains and plateaus. Plains: is frequently found along the coastal areas or at lower elevations. Plateaus: are another type of flat region unlike plains, they have been raised upward into higher elevations by movement of earths crust. 8. What is the difference between a hill and a mountain? The difference between a hill a...

The Scarlet Letter Study Guide

The Scarlet Letter Study Guide Nathaniel Hawthorne’s 1850 novel, The Scarlet Letter, is a classic of early American literature. Written at a time when American cultural identity was starting to develop, the author portrays a believable representation of a Puritan colony during the nation’s earliest days. The book tells the story of Hester Prynne, a woman in 17th century Boston- then known just as the Massachusetts Bay Colony- who is forced to wear a scarlet â€Å"A† on her chest as punishment for having a baby out of wedlock. Through the story of Hester, Hawthorne explores the community as a whole and the norms and mores under which it operates. Fast Facts: The Scarlet Letter Title: The Scarlet LetterAuthor: Nathaniel HawthornePublisher: Ticknor, Reed FieldsYear Published: 1850Genre: Historical fictionType of Work: NovelOriginal Language: EnglishThemes: Shame and judgment, public vs. private, scientific and religious beliefsMain Characters: Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth, PearlNotable Adaptations: The 2010 teen comedy film â€Å"Easy A,† starring Emma Stone was partially inspired by the novel.Fun Fact: Nathaniel Hawthorne’s last name originally didn’t contain the â€Å"w,† but he added it to distance himself slightly from his family’s past. Plot Summary In mid-17th century Boston, then known as the Massachusetts Bay Colony, a woman named Hester Prynne is made to stand on a scaffold in the town square and endure abuse for several hours as punishment for birthing a child out of wedlock. The townspeople heckle her and implore her to reveal the child’s father, but she refuses. While this occurs, a stranger arrives in the colony and watches from the back of the crowd. When Hester is brought to her cell, the stranger visits her, and it is revealed that the man is her presumed dead husband from England, Roger Chillingworth. Once  Hester is released from jail, she lives alone with her daughter, Pearl, and dedicates herself to needlepointing. She lives in isolation from the rest of the community, which has scorned her. As Pearl grows up, she develops into a rambunctious young child, so much so that members of the town say that she should be removed from her mother’s care. Upon hearing this, Pearl makes an impassioned plea to the governor, who rules in her favor after the popular town minister, Arthur Dimmesdale, speaks to support her. While Hester is living alone with Pearl, Dimmesdale, whose health has begun to deteriorate, has found a new roommate: Chillingworth- who, as a physician, was assigned to take care of the beloved minister. This poses a problem for Dimmesdale, who is desperate to hide his shame from the rest of the community. At one point, though, the doctor sees a dark mark on the priest’s chest. Later, Dimmesdale is out walking one night, and winds up at the scaffold, where he reflects that he cannot bring himself to admit his guilt. He runs into Hester and Pearl. They talk and Hester reveals that she will tell Chillingworth the identity of Pearl’s father. This sends Dimmesdale into an even deeper depression, and he ultimately reveals himself to be Pearl’s father in front of the town upon the scaffold, shortly after giving one of his most rousing sermons. He then dies in Hester’s arms. Hester moves back to England (though she ultimately returns) with Pearl, who receives a large inheritance from Chillingworth upon his death. Major Characters Hester Prynne. Hester is the protagonist and wearer of the eponymous totem. She is a very independently minded woman, as evidenced by her committing adultery and her behavior after the fact. She is also a morally upright person in general- as opposed to the rest of the townspeople who believe themselves to be but aren’t. She eventually works her way back, somewhat, into the town’s good graces through her deeds, and ultimately rejects both of her suitors in favor of blazing her own trail. Arthur Dimmesdale. Dimmesdale is the town’s beloved minister, a public role he uses to shield his private involvement in an affair with Hester. Throughout the book he feels deep guilt and inner conflict over his behavior and public deceit- which ultimately kills him. Roger Chillingworth. Chillingworth is Hester’s older husband from England, but he did not come over with her, and is presumed dead by Hester, making his arrival quite surprising. He is a physician by trade, and is therefore assigned by the town to take care of Dimmesdale when his health begins to worsen. Pearl. Pearl is Hester’s (and Dimmesdale’s) daughter, and, as such, is the living embodiment of Hester’s â€Å"guilt†- and of her love and goodness, too. Pearl is often referred to as devilish, and at one point the townspeople try to have her taken away from Hester as further punishment. She never learns her father’s identity, or the meaning of the â€Å"A.†Ã‚   Major Themes Shame and Judgment. From the very beginning, the colony judges Hester and makes her feel ashamed for her actions, even though she was just following her heart and didn’t really hurt anybody. Dimmesdale, too, feels shame for his role in the affair, but he isn’t judged for it, since it remains a secret to all but him and Hester. Public vs. Private. Hester’s role in the affair is very public, and she is, therefore, punished very cruelly for it. Dimmesdale, on the other hand, escapes punishment because his role is unknown. As a result, she must bear her burden outwardly, which is painful no doubt, but she can exorcise it, whereas Dimmesdale must keep it to himself, which ultimately kills him. Scientific and Religious Beliefs. Through the relationship between Dimmesdale and Chillingworth, Hawthorne explores the differing roles in Puritan society of science and religion. The story is set at a time just before the Scientific Revolution, so it is still a deeply religious community. This can be seen through Dimmesdale, who is quite popular and an established authority figure, as opposed to Chillingworth, who is an outsider and new to the colony.   Literary Style The novel is framed by an opening story, â€Å"The Custom-House,† in which the narrator, who bears many biographical similarities to Nathaniel Hawthorne, tells of his time working at the customs house in Salem. There he discovers a scarlet â€Å"A† and a manuscript that tells of the happenings in the colony a century earlier; this manuscript then forms the basis of the novel, which is written by the narrator of â€Å"The Custom-House.† The book creates a convincing representation of life in one of America’s earliest communities, and makes use of the lexicon of that time. About the Author Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts, to an old Puritan family; one of his ancestors was the only judge involved in the Salem Witch Trials who never repented his actions. Hawthorne’s work, which focused mostly on life in New England, was part of the Romanticism movement, and usually contained dark themes and love affairs, and deeply moral and complex psychological portraits. He is considered a pioneer of American literature and one of the nation’s greatest novelists.

Compare and contrast positivism and classicism and outline thier role Essay

Compare and contrast positivism and classicism and outline thier role as an explanation for criminal behaviour in Ireland - Essay Example Finally, role of both theories in determining criminal behavior in Ireland is studied. Classical and positivist school of thought are basic part of early criminological development. Cesare Beccaria proposed Classical perspective which was inspired by â€Å"On Crimes and Punishment† in 1764. He was concerned about reforming the brutal ways of punishment for bad deeds prevailed throughout Europe. He was a man of law who believed in philosophical and procedure based punishment that can provide moral support for criminal justice. According to Classical school of thought, man is a rational being who is blessed with free will. This knowledge and sense of choice enables man to judge the good or bad and its consequences for everyone including himself. Man is fully capable to understand and avoid crime considering the logical consequence of crime as punishment (O’Mahony, 2002, p.221). O’Mahony(2002) states the principles as: people should be treated equally before the law and punished only in accordance with the law; that punishment should be based on the act rather than the class of person who commits the act; the punishment should be based on a pleasure/pain reckoning so that the pain of punishment will always outweigh the pleasure to be gained from crime; and, perhaps most importantly ,that punishment should be commensurate with the seriousness of the offence and, though a prompt and effective deterrent, should be kept to the minimum†¦Most importantly, since man acts on the basis of his rational, self-regarding, cost/benefit analysis of the situation, he can be swayed to avoid crime, if he sees that it carries a high risk of appropriately severe punishment.(p.221) According to Joyce (2006), this school of thought developed from the enlightenment movements in Europe and expressed through liberalism, they believed in having society as a contract

What Causes Cancer Mutations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What Causes Cancer Mutations - Essay Example As genes are the basic control machine of the cells, alteration of any kind may bring devastating consequences, or malignancy. When compared with the normal cells, where damage of any kind is taken care by the repair system, tumor cells do not have any repair mechanism for the damaged DNA and there is a constant proliferation of cells without displaying senescence hence, generating a series of abnormal cells, with altered cellular pathways for uncontrolled proliferation, figuring malignant tumors (Alberts 2007; Katzang et al. 2009). The Genesis of a Cancer Cell A normal cell turns into a cancer cell because of one or more mutations in its DNA, which can be inherited or acquired. Mutation is sudden abrupt changes that occur in the genetic material i.e. the DNA of the cell. This genetic material is facilitated by various agents called mutagens. Mutagens can be either physical agents such as UV radiations, X-rays etc or they could be some chemical agents which are capable of producing c hanges in the cell by reacting with cellular macromolecules. These chemical agents form bond with the cellular macromolecules, thereby alter their normal structures. If they combine with the genetic material, the peptide formation is affected. Thus, these mutagenic agents affect the normal well being of the cell and when such a defective cell replicates the cellular modification is also passed on. These cellular alterations may lead to cancer, where the carcinogenic agents (cancer causing) are capable of altering the cell division leading to the uncontrolled proliferation of the cell (Alberts 2007; Chemical Carcinogens, Web.). In case of the breast cancer, woman who inherits a single defective copy of either of these tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 displays an augmented risk of developing breast cancer. However, carcinogenesis is a complex, multistage process, usually involving more than one genetic change. Other epigenetic factors responsible for carcinogenesis involve epige netic factors, such as level of hormones in the body, exposure to carcinogens and tumor promoting agents. These epigenetic factors do not produce cancer by themselves but enhances the likelihood of genetic mutation(s) resulting in cancer (Katzang et al. 2009). These genetic changes are categorized as - A. The activation of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes: Proto-oncogenes are the normal genes present in the cells and are responsible for controlling cell division, cell differentiation and apoptosis. A triggering factor such as a virus or exposure to any carcinogen brings malignant changes in the cell. B. The inactivation of tumor suppressor genes: A cell has the mechanism to protect itself from uncontrolled proliferation and tumor formation due to expression of genes called tumor suppressor genes. These genes possess the ability to suppress malignant changes and are also referred as antioncogenes. Mutation in proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes results in the proliferation of tumor . Thus, a loss of function of tumor suppressor genes can be the critical event in carcinogenesis (Rang et al. 2007; Katzang 2009). More than 30 tumor suppressor genes as well as more than 100 dominant oncogenes have been found to be associated with various types of cancers (Rang et al. 2007). Characteristics of Cancer cells The genetic basis of cancer has been revealed through numerous animal models. The Cancer Genome Atlas aims at methodically differentiating the configurational source of cancer, through recognition of the genomic mutations linked with every cancer form. A corresponding progress and description forms the basis of understanding growth and external appearance of the cancer or tumor called the phenotype of the cancer, is essential for designing drugs that can

Development of Complex Societies Essay Example for Free

Development of Complex Societies Essay In the early stages of the development of complex societies, many different factors had a powerful impact on the way the societies developed. In some areas of the world, religion was the primary force that led to the creation of organized societies. Other areas developed on trade routes that made it necessary to develop complex societies to incorporate the growth of different economic classes and the wealth they generated into the structure of the government. In each part of the world where complex societies emerged, the communities were responding to different types of challenges and the complexities each society created forced them to confront new challenges which then led to the great, complex societies of history. The urban society of Mesopotamia developed because of the engineering discoveries that allowed residents of the area between the Tigris and Euphrates to increase food production, while the predictability of the Nile River allowed the Egyptians and Nubians to build large, complex societies around their commercial and religious activities. Many simple early societies were based around farming. Through cultivating crops and the land, people learned they could settle down in one place instead of being nomads and support a larger population of people. These villages needed a social structure, but their sizes were limited by the amount of food they could produce. In Mesopotamia, especially Sumeria and Babylon, there is not much rainfall, but farmers learned they could artificially irrigate their crops using the fresh water in the Tigris and Euphrates rivers[1]. The large-scale engineering projects required greater social organization than the simple farming communities that came before, but they also resulted in increased food production that allowed them to build cities. The urban centers that resulted required more sophisticated organization to make sure that the population was productive: that building projects could be completed, that resources were distributed fairly, and that the city could continue to grow[2]. The division of labor also created different economic classes, which resulted in various social classes as well. Some merchants grew wealthy catering to customers who came to the city from other places, and community building projects required supervision, organization, and funding[3]. Such a large society could not exist as small farmers trading with one another. Political authority was needed to maintain order between the citizens and protect the interests of the entire community, especially the cropland that existed outside the city walls. An example of the way that authority influenced society is the codification of laws by Hammurabi, especially as they related to family relationships and how husbands could treat their wives. Upper-class people whose marriages represented political and economic alliances were subject to the same law, so that even if a husband had a right to punish his wife for a suspected affair, he could not do anything to her unless he caught her in the act. If he did act out on his jealousy, he would be punished. Hammurabi’s laws treated women like the property of their husbands and fathers, but they also described certain standards of behavior that citizens should be expected to follow for the sake of stability and to reign in people’s behavior[4]. The innovation of urban development also led to the Sumerian creation of military power, as each city-state had to protect its farmland and irrigation projects from one another and from outside invaders. Once the city-states had organized themselves into relatively peaceful social organizations united under a single government, their growing populations often led them to go out and try to conquer other city-states or areas with more resources to increase their wealth[5]. In Mesopotamia, the social organization created in the first cities led to the establishment of the first empires. Along the Nile River in northern Africa, small city states also emerged due to the increased production of food that agriculture made possible. Agriculture first developed in Sudan, where people first cultivated wheat crops and domesticated animals that roamed the grassland. The growing populations made these cities into cultural and commercial centers, as well, and they also required political authority to keep the peace and maintain the functioning of all of the complex institutions of a city: dividing up resources, keeping the peace, and protecting their resources from other city-states[6]. These cities were often ruled over by Kings who were not only thought of as political authority but were also considered to be divine themselves, so they also held a great deal of religious authority[7]. Over time, the grasslands became desert and agricultural activity centered along the floodplains of the Nile River in Egypt and Nubia. Egypt, particularly, had a very wide and predictable floodplain which attracted immigrants and allowed the population to grow. United under one ruler, who was also considered to be divine, Egyptian society became increasingly complex. Massive amounts of resources, especially wheat from the fertile harvests, had to be dealt with, marketplaces had to be managed, and armies had to be raised to protect the fertile land from invaders. The main organizing force in Egyptian society was its strong religious component. The Pharaoh was considered a god as well as a king, and the religious power he held was just as important as the political power. The colossal building projects that the Egyptians embarked on, such as the pyramids and temples, required a very complex society and highly skilled workers and engineers[8]. They developed a very complex writing system not only to keep commercial records, but also to record their spiritual beliefs and the history of their empire. Harkhuf used it to document his exploration of Nubia and opening of trade routes there, showing the high levels of complexity that each of those societies had risen to[9]. Both the African and Mesopotamian civilizations developed out of small farming communities who practiced small-scale agriculture. In both areas, advances in agriculture led to increased populations living in densely-populated cities, which allowed the people to divide labor and specialize in different things. The division of labor led to advancement in almost every area: from engineering and agriculture to art and, especially, the political organizations that organized the whole society and made all of those things possible. Both civilizations developed writing systems, originally developed to keep records, but soon used to express imaginations, beliefs, and to write down the histories of their nations. While Mesopotamian cultures were organized around the complex building projects needed to irrigate their fields, societies in the Nile River had other pressures. Their cropland was regularly fertilized and irrigated, so their complexity developed out of a need to organize the wealth of the city-state and the empire that came as a result. Without the pressure of constantly trying to keep their crops irrigated, the Egyptians organized around religious beliefs, which they expressed in their greatest building projects and influenced almost everything they did. The pressures that led smaller societies to develop more complex structures were different in each case, but they both resulted in the building of the first great cities which are necessary for the political, social, and technological innovations of complex society. Although the places they lived were very different, the Sumerians and the Egyptians both developed writing to record their progress, political innovations to maintain control of growing populations, and laid the foundations for great building projects and the great civilizations that would come after them. Bibliography Bentley, Jerry H. and Ziegler, Herbert F., Traditions and Encounters Vol. 1 from The Beginning to 1500, 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010 [1] Jerry H. Bentley and Herbert F. Ziegler, Traditions and Encounters Vol. 1 from The Beginning to 1500, 5th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010), 25 [2] Bentley and Ziegel, Traditions, 27 [3] Bentley and Ziegler, Traditions, 33 [4] Bentley and Ziegler, Traditions, 36 [5] Bentley and Ziegler, Traditions, 29 [6] Bentley and Ziegel, Traditions, 50-51 [7] Bentley and Ziegel, Traditions, 52 [8] Bentley and Ziegel, Traditions, 53 [9] Bentley and Ziegel, Traditions, 56

Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights Essay -- Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heigh

In Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights revenge is a common, reoccurring theme. According to Webster’s Dictionary, revenge is to inflict punishment in return for injury or insult. Within the novel, Wuthering Heights, revenge is an action taken by many people in order to redeem themselves. However, all of the characters end up in misery because of their hearts’ desire to avenge. In many novels, revenge is an action typically taken by the main villain upon the main hero. Revenge occurs often in both fiction and non-fiction books. Within Withering Heights, there are three examples of revenge that posses romantic tenets; Heathcliff’s revenge on Edgar and Catherine is the isolation tenet; Catherine’s revenge on Heathcliff is the elevated emotional level tenet; and Hindley’s revenge on Heathcl...

Minor characters in “To Kill a Mockingbird” Essay

Harper Lee uses minor characters in a variety of different ways to help explore and expose some of the main concerns brought up in the book, ranging from strict town morals, justice, all the way to racism and death due to racism. I have chosen to outline some of the ways in which Harper Lee uses three minor characters, Mayella Ewell, Heck Tate and Dolfus Raymond, to help emphasise and explore some of the major concerns in the book. Mayella Ewell is the first minor character I shall discuss; a beacon of racial prejudice and the injustice of the courthouses. She is considered to be trash along with the rest of the Ewell’s; despite the fact that she is one of the few Ewell’s who can read and write. As well as being literate she tries her best to make that most of what she’s got, â€Å"the quote about the flowers she keeps†. Despite her decency compared to the others in her family Mayella still only cares for her own wellbeing. When she forces herself upon Tom Robinson, in a last ditch attempt to feel some affection from a man, she is soon to realise the error of her ways. As Atticus says, â€Å"She has committed no crime, she has merely broken a rigid and time honoured code of our society† by going after a black man she has broken ‘the rules’ of Maycomb and thus she tries to hide the truth by abusing Maycomb’s harsh structure of injustice and racism. She is white and Tom is black meaning the court case, as she well knows, can only have one outcome. She would rather sentence a man to death for something she had done to him, â€Å"She reached up and kissed me ‘side of th’ face. She said she never kissed a grown man before an’s she might as well kiss a nigger.† than tell the court and the towns folk that she had come onto a black man. Harper Lee uses Mayella and her made up story to show the racism of the  justice system, she shows that simply by lying and having someone to lie with you when the case is white words against black the white will win. Despite Mayella’s story falling apart under cross-examination Tom’s version of what happened isn’t taken note of, as he is black. Also in this case, we have the testimonial of the local sheriff Heck Tate; he too is a tool of great injustice for the blacks. In his testimony we read that he was called by Bob Ewell and told that â€Å"some nigger’d raped his girl† upon arrival he found Mayella and asked who had done it – Tom Robinson. A black man accused by a white woman, Heck went and rounded him up instantly to be identified by Mayella. No questioning, no looking for evidence or any kind of service a white man could expect, Heck presumes that he is black and therefore must have committed some kind of crime. However, despite Heck’s injustice towards the black population of Maycomb he does fulfil his duties to the white. After Boo stabs Bob to save Atticus’ children Heck decides that for the greater good nothing should be said and the incident should be considered an accidental suicide. Heck shields the town from the truth and allows Boo to go back to his normal life – after all he had done the town a favour. Another man who shields the town from the truth, but about a very different subject is Dolphus Raymond, a presumed evil alcoholic who spends most of his time with the black townsfolk. â€Å"Come round here, son, I got something that’ll settle your stomach.† Is the invitation given by Dolphus to Dill outside the courthouse. He offers Dill his brown paper bag with straws in and tells the boy to take a good sip. Scout says † Dill, you watch out, now† as she, like the rest of the town believes that Dolphus is always sipping from a bottle of gin within his bag. He pretends to be drinking all day as â€Å"it’s mighty helpful to folks.† He is forced to pretend to be drinking all day and to be messed up in the head to help the prejudice people of Maycomb understand why he would want to spend most of his time with the black people. Only the uncorrupted children are trusted with Mr. Raymond’s deepest secret as he feels that because they  are children they can understand why he pretends to drink and why he has to give the people a reason as to why he spends his time with black people. This helps give an idea of the intolerance in the town. Intolerance towards black people and towards anyone who has contact with black people as a friend, rather than just a slave. Harper Lee uses minor characters traits and beliefs to show the reader some of the issues at hand in the book. Whether it be a girl pretending to have been raped to highlight the levels of injustice and the racial prejudice in the book, or whether its Heck Tait acting under the powerful words of a white person to do wrong to blacks, or his truth shielding to help a white man stay out of prison for a crime he really did commit.

Myths and Misconceptions about Viruses and Security Essay

Computer viruses, as they are commonly known today, are malicious malware design to destroy and distort the normal working of a computer. The first known origin of computer viruses is estimated to be in the 1960’s CITATION Nat14 l 1033 (Devotta, 2014). The virus was in form of a game called Core Wars, and would self-replicate every time it was run. The group of programmers who developed it also made the first known anti-virus called Reeper. It was not until 1983, that one of these programmers announced the existence of Core Wars CITATION Ant l 1033 (AntivirusWorld, n.d.). In the same era, an influx of personal computers flooded the market and games became very popular. As a result, malicious viruses like Trojan horse were developed and innocent consumers downloaded them thinking that they were nice games only to feel the repercussions later. Since then, many viruses have been developed and continue to cause havoc to our computer experience. A computer virus is a malicious code that is written with instructions to replicate itself in a host computer and attaches itself to files and programs in the machine CITATION All l 1033 (AllAboutCookies, n.d.). Often, this happens without the consent of the user, and once the machine is booted or the infected program is launched, the virus attacks and damages data. In the case where an infected file is saved on a storage device, transfer of that file to another computer repeats the cycle and the virus re-infects the new host computer CITATION Sym10 l 1033 (Symantec, 2010). Viruses are designed to be spread via several media, where they piggyback on emails, programs, or network systems. The same way myths and misconceptions arise after a deadly disease pandemic, the computer world is full of myths about viruses. Some of the most common unfounded myths include; Mac users are virus proof, firewalls block off viruses, formatting and re-installing the operating system of an infected computer and then backing up one’s data gets rid of viruses, using antivirus programs protects one fully from viruses, signs of error messages popping up on one’s computer indicate that the computer is infected, corrupted files and blue screen displays on computers indicate a virus attack CITATION Rak11 l 1033 (Tembhurne, 2011). While some of these misconception hold water, they are not absolutely true all the time. A common scenario for internet users is the appearance of irritating pop-up messages, especially when browsing. While some of these messages are strategies for internet marketing by companies, and are indeed inevitable, it is possible for one to block pop-up messages- without purchasing software. First and foremost, there are free downloadable pop-up blockers that are effective on general browser pop-up ads. Examples include, Google Toolbar, Yahoo Companion Toolbar, Pop-up Stopper, PopUp Blocker, WorldIQ Toolbar and CleanMyPC, just to name but a few CITATION Kio15 l 1033 (Kioskea, 2015). Peer-to-peer file sharing programs are another source of disturbing pop-ups, especially once you install a program downloaded from these sites. To get rid of search, uninstall any unfamiliar programs from the Control Panel. Most browsers today also come with in-built software that block pop-ups, and can be adjusted to block the ads under the Settings tab. A good example is Internet Explorer CITATION Uni04 l 1033 (Iowa, 2004). Using Windows XP Service Pack 2 is also another viable option since the latest version includes a built-in Pop-up blocker CITATION Ram07 l 1033 (Srinivasan, 2007). References AllAboutCookies. (n.d.). Retrieved from All About Cookies.org: http://www.allaboutcookies.org/security/computer-viruses.html AntivirusWorld. (n.d.). History of Computer Viruses. Retrieved from http://www.antivirusworld.com/articles/history.php Devotta, N. (2014, Septemner 4). A short History of Computer Viruses. Retrieved from COMODO Antivirus: https://antivirus.comodo.com/blog/computer-safety/short-history-computer-viruses/ Iowa, U. o. (2004, June). Pop-up blocking. Retrieved from Information Technology Services @ The University of Iowa: https://helpdesk.its.uiowa.edu/articles/june2004/popupblocking.htm Kioskea. (2015, March). How to get rid of Pop-Up ads. Retrieved from http://en.kioskea.net/faq/104-how-to-get-rid-of-pop-up-ads Srinivasan, R. (2007, October 27). How to block Pop-ups? Retrieved from Ramesh’s Site: http://windowsxp.mvps.org/Popups.htm Symantec. (2010). pc tools. Retrieved from http://www.pctools.com/security-news/what-do-computer-viruses-do/ Tembhurne, R. (2011, May 10). 15 Myths and Misconceptions about Viruses and Security Applications. Retrieved from http://rakesh.tembhurne.com/15-myths-and-misconceptions-about-viruses-and-security-applications/ Source document

Documentación para entrevista de visa americana

Documentacià ³n para entrevista de visa americana Los documentos que se llevan a la entrevista al consulado americano pueden ser muy importantes para ayudar al oficial consular a decidir si aprueba o niega la visa. Adems, la documentacià ³n es fundamental a la hora de luchar contra una decisià ³n de negacià ³n de visa que se considera es errà ³nea. Por lo tanto, si ests en el proceso de solicitar una  visa de no inmigrante  por primera vez o intentas obtener una aprobacià ³n despuà ©s de un rechazo de una peticià ³n anterior, te conviene informarte sobre quà © documentos llevar a la  entrevista en la embajada americana. Tanto  los obligatorios como los recomendados. En este artà ­culo puedes informarte sobre cules son las razones ms comunes para  de que nieguen una visa no inmigrante, como por ejemplo, la de turista, estudiante, trabajo o intercambio. Esto es importante porque hay que saber con anterioridad dà ³nde pueden estar los problemas y presentar documentacià ³n para mostrar evidencia que ayude a subsanarlos. Adems, segà ºn  el paà ­s en el que se aplica, quà © documentos llevar, cules son los tres  tipos de contestaciones que puede dar el oficial consular y quà © hacer si la visa es denegada. Recordar que la entrevista para todas las visas no inmigrantes se solicita como parte del trmite de la visa que se pide al llenar el formulario DS-160, que marca el inicio del mismo.  ¿Van a aprobar mi solicitud de visa americana no inmigrante? Esa es la pregunta que muchos solicitantes se hacen. pero no hay una respuesta que se pueda dar con absoluta certeza. Cada caso es un mundo con peculiaridades propias ya que ninguna persona es igual a otra. Lo que sà ­ se sabe es que en algunos paà ­ses los porcentajes de negacià ³n de las visas son ms altos que en otros. Sin embargo,  esto no debe de tomarse como una invitacià ³n a solicitar visas en consulados americanos distintos a los del paà ­s en el que se reside habitualmente, ya que para esto existen reglas especiales y, adems, puede no ser conveniente. Adems, existen situaciones que complican la peticià ³n de visa no inmigrante. Por ejemplo, cuando se est esperando por una visa inmigrante, es decir, por una tarjeta de residencia, tambià ©n conocida como green card. Las estadà ­sticas nos dicen como son las cosas y nos sirven para estar informados sobre quà © esperar. El gobierno de los Estados Unidos publica cada aà ±o fiscal cuntas visas se solicitan y cuntas son negadas. Adems, en cuntos casos se obtuvo finalmente una aprobacià ³n, a pesar de haber sido negada en un principio. En el 2017, el à ºltimo sobre el que hay datos, las embajadas y consulados de Estados Unidos aprobaron en todo el mundo un total de 9.681.913 visas no inmigrantes. Adems, no aprobaron un total de 3.516.581. Las causas principales de negacià ³n de la visa fueron, por el siguiente orden, las siguientes: En primer lugar, el solicitante no prueba suficientemente que no tiene intencià ³n de quedarse en Estados Unidos. Es la causa que se conoce como 214(b). En el FY2017, un total de 2.624.543 visas no inmigrantes fueron rechazadas por esta causa. En segundo lugar, la aplicacià ³n no cumple con los requisitos que exige la ley que se conoce como INA. Las causas ms frecuentes son la falta de documentos o informacià ³n o la necesidad de que otra agencia del gobierno revise la solicitud. En FY2017, un total de 811.238 solicitudes fueron rechazados por esta causa, que se conoce tà ©cnicamente como 221(g). En tercer lugar, por mentir para obtener  un beneficio, por escrito o hablando, en lo que se conoce en inglà ©s como misrepresentation y tà ©cnicamente como la causa 212(a)(6)(C)(i). En el à ºltimo aà ±o fiscal, 18.114 visas no inmigrantes fueron rechazadas por esta causa. En cuarto lugar, haber estado previamente de forma ilegal en Estados Unidos por ms de 365 dà ­as un total de 15.924 personas vieron sus peticiones de visa rechazadas.. Es la causa de negacià ³n de visa que se conoce como 212(a)(9)(B)(i)(II). En este punto hay que tener en cuenta que aplica el castigo de los tres y de los diez aà ±os. Y en quinto lugar, haber permanecido en Estados Unidos despuà ©s de haber cometido una violacià ³n migratoria. Esta causa, que se conoce como 212(a)(9)(c), afectà ³ a 9.551 solicitantes. Es muy importante tener en cuenta que durante ese mismo periodo de tiempo, un total de 744.003 solicitudes que en un principio fueron negadas fueron finalmente aprobadas porque se puedo demostrar con evidencias documentales que no aplicaba la causa de negacià ³n o porque puedo solicitar un waiver, tambià ©n conocido como perdà ³n, y à ©ste fue aprobado. Por lo tanto es evidente la importancia de la documentacià ³n para obtener la aprobacià ³n de la visa y, en el caso de ser negada, poder probar que la negacià ³n no corresponde. Documentos obligatorios para llevar a la entrevista para la visa americana Alguna papelerà ­a es comà ºn a todo tipo de visas no inmigrantes, por ejemplo: 1. Hoja de confirmacià ³n de la cita. 2. Pasaporte vlido y en buen estado. La fecha de expiracià ³n no puede ser inmediata. Las embajadas americanas imponen diferentes reglas a cada paà ­s en cuanto a quà © pasaporte esa vlido. Por favor verificar particularmente en aquellos paà ­ses en los que en los à ºltimos aà ±os ha habido cambios de modelos de pasaporte o existen diferentes modelos vlidos al mismo tiempo. Tambià ©n ver las reglas segà ºn el documento tenga incorporado chip o no. 3. Prueba de haber pagado el arancel o cuota de la visa. Hay que saber que este dinero nunca se recupera. Ni en los casos en los que la visa es rechazada ni cuando el solicitante cambia de idea y decide no ir a la entrevista porque ya no le interesa viajar a los Estados Unidos. Adems, en  algunos paà ­ses, como en el caso de Mà ©xico, es necesario acudir a un Centro de Atencià ³n antes de la entrevista por tema de  las fotos  y las huellas digitales. Pero cada paà ­s sigue sus propias reglas. Pero adems hay que seguir las reglas especà ­ficas de cada visa. Esto es asà ­ para casos como las de estudiante, intercambio, trabajo temporero, etc. Dos clases de problemas que pueden dar lugar al rechazo de la peticià ³n de visa Llegados a este punto hay que diferenciar entre dos posibles situaciones. Primero, si lo que se quiere es probar que no hay razones para negar la visa por ser inelegible. Y el segundo, cuando hay un problema que convierte al solicitante en inadmisible y desea pedir un perdà ³n, tambià ©n conocido como waiver o permiso. En otras palabras, la visa no inmigrante puede ser denegada porque se considera a una persona extranjera como inelegible para el visado que solicita o por ser inadmisible para ingresar a Estados Unidos. Documentos para que el oficial consular no considere al solicitante como inelegible Aunque hay varias causas, la ms comà ºn por la que se niega una visa no inmigrante como la de turista o la de estudiante es porque el cà ³nsul tiene sospechas de que el solicitante se puede quedar en Estados Unidos ms tiempo del permitido. En este punto es muy importante entender que dentro de las visas no inmigrantes hay dos que son consideradas de doble intencià ³n, las L y las H-1B. Esto quiere decir las personas con este tipo de visados pueden buscar activamente la green card en Estados Unidos. En otras palabras, no es importante para ellos probar que su intencià ³n no es quedarse en USA. Pero para el resto de las visas no inmigrantes, como la de turista, estudiante, intercambio y otras de trabajo temporal la causa ms comà ºn por la que no son aprobadas es precisamente porque el solicitante no es capaz convencer al oficial consular que su intencià ³n no es emigrar a Estados Unidos. En otras palabras, debe  probar lazos familiares y/o fuertes en su paà ­s de residencia.  Para eso se utilizan documentos adicionales, por ejemplo: Certificado o partida de nacimiento, original o copia certificada.Certificados de matrimonio, divorcio, relaciones de hecho, viudedad.Libros de familia en el que consten los hijos.Prueba de empleo, de ser propietario o socio de una empresa.Documento que acredite el estatus de estudiante.Cuentas bancarias tipo corriente y de ahorro con extractos que demuestren los movimientos en los à ºltimos seis meses.Inversiones, ahorros, propiedades de todo tipo.Hipotecas o contratos de arrendamiento de vivienda.Pensiones o rentas. Y adems  cualquier otra documentacià ³n que el solicitante crea que puede ayudarle a probar al oficial consular que su intencià ³n no es quedarse en Estados Unidos. No obstante, tener en cuenta que la persona de la oficina consular que lleva a cabo la entrevista no est obligada a examinar la documentacià ³n presentada. Es muy recomendable llevarla ordenada. Adems, para el caso concreto de solicitud de una visa de turista, paseo o placer puede ser conveniente contar con una carta de invitacià ³n redactada por un ciudadano americano, un residente permanente legal u otra persona que se encuentre legalmente en Estados Unidos. Pero no es necesario. Consecuencias de mentir  o presentar documentos falsos en la solicitud de visa Como se ha indicado previamente en este artà ­culo, la tercera causa ms comà ºn por la que se deniega una peticià ³n de visa no inmigrante es por mentir o presentar documentos falsos lo que, tà ©cnicamente, es un fraude de ley. Pueden darse mà ºltiples casos, como presentar documentos falsos de identidad, propiedades, trabajo o estudios acadà ©micos. Pero el fraude de ley incluye situaciones en la que se falta a la verdad en las contestaciones de que dan en el formulario de solicitud de  visa, por ejemplo, asegurando que no se tiene familiares que son ciudadanos americanos cuando lo cierto es que sà ­ se tienen. Una vez que las autoridades consulares o las de control migratorio se dan cuenta de que existe o puede existir un fraude de ley las consecuencias son inmediatas y graves. Por ejemplo, automticamente deniegan la peticià ³n de visa o, si à ©sta ya sido ya aprobada, la cancelan.   Aunque en casos muy concretos es posible levantar el castigo despuà ©s de haber cometido un fraude de ley mediante la peticià ³n de un waiver y, asà ­, obtener una visa, lo cierto es que es uno de los perdones ms difà ­ciles de obtener.   Quà © sucede despuà ©s de la entrevista en el consulado Pueden darse tres situaciones: 1. La visa es aprobada. En este caso el pasaporte debidamente estampado se recibir a los pocos dà ­as. Si este es el caso, los turistas deben tener especial cuidado y evitar estos 8 errores que pueden provocar que le cancelen la visa.   2. La visa entra en fase de procedimiento administrativo. No ha sido aprobada pero tampoco rechazada. Es lo que conoce como 221g. 3. La visa es denegada. Si una visa de turista o de estudiante, etc es negada porque no se ha podido demostrar lazos fuertes con el paà ­s de residencia, antes de pedirla de nuevo es conveniente realizar cambios que puedan convencer al consulado para aprobar una nueva solicitud. Si todo sigue igual, la respuesta va a ser la misma. Es decir: no. Por el contrario, si las razones para la negacià ³n fueron otras causas, es aconsejable consultar con un abogado para estudiar si procede solicitar un waiver, tambià ©n conocido como perdà ³n o permiso especial. Si se solicita un waiver, es importante contar con el asesoramiento de un abogado migratorio con experiencia en este tipo de casos ya que son complejos y conviene saber diferenciar entre todos los posibles perdones y cà ³mo argumentar y apoyar con documentacià ³n la peticià ³n de dicho waiver. Infà ³rmate con este  test de respuestas mà ºltiples Toma este quiz, trivial o test sobre visas para asegurarte de que sabes lo fundamental para obtener y conservar el visado. Este artà ­culo no debe considerarse como asesorà ­a legal. Tiene simplemente un carcter informativo.

Understanding Primary and Secondary Groups in Sociology

Understanding Primary and Secondary Groups in Sociology The study of social groups is the main focus of many sociologists because these groups illustrate how human behavior is shaped by group life and how group life is affected by individuals. The two groups on which social scientists mainly focus are primary and secondary groups, called primary because they are a persons primary source of relationships and socialization or secondary because they are of less importance but still significant to the individual. What Are Social Groups? Social groups  consist of two or more people who regularly interact and share a sense of unity and common identity. They see each other often and consider themselves as part of the group. Most people belong to many different types of social groups. They could include family, neighbors, or members of a sports team, a club, a church, a college class, or a workplace. What social scientists are interested in is how the members of these groups relate and interact. Early American sociologist Charles Horton Cooley introduced the concepts of primary and secondary groups in his 1909 book  Social Organization: A Study of the Larger Mind. Cooley was interested in how people develop a sense of self and identity through their relationships and interactions with others. In his research, Cooley identified two levels of social organization  that are composed of two different kinds of social structure. What Are Primary Groups? Primary groups are small and characterized by close, personal, and intimate relationships that last a long time, maybe a lifetime. These relationships are deeply personal and loaded with emotion. The members typically include family, childhood friends, romantic partners, and members of religious groups who have regular face-to-face or verbal interaction and a shared culture and frequently engage in activities together. The ties that bind the relationships in primary groups are made up of love, caring, concern, loyalty, and support. These relationships play important roles in the formation of individuals sense of self and identity because these people are influential in the development of values, norms, morals, beliefs, worldview, and everyday behaviors and practices of all members of the group. The relationships play important roles in the process of socialization that people experience as they age. What Are Secondary Groups? Secondary groups comprise relatively impersonal and temporary relationships that are goal- or task-oriented  and are often found in employment or educational settings. While the relationships within primary groups are intimate, personal, and enduring, the relationships within secondary groups are organized around narrow ranges of practical interests or goals without which these groups would not exist. Secondary groups are functional groups created to carry out a task or achieve a goal. Typically a person becomes a member of a secondary group voluntarily, out of shared interest with the others involved. Common examples include coworkers in an employment setting or students, teachers, and administrators in an educational setting. Such groups can be large or small, ranging from all the employees or students within an organization to the select few who work together on a project. Small secondary groups such as these often disband after completion of the task or project. A secondary group does not exercise a primary influence over its members because they do not live in the presence and thoughts of one another. The average member plays a passive role, and the warmth of the relationships in primary groups is missing Primary Groups vs. Secondary Groups An important distinction between secondary and primary groups is that the former often have an organized structure, formal rules, and an authority figure who oversees the rules, members, and the project or task in which the group is involved. Primary groups, on the other hand, are typically informally organized, and the rules are more likely to be implicit and transmitted through socialization. While it is useful to understand the distinctions between primary and secondary groups and the different kinds of relationships that characterize them, its also important to recognize that there can be overlap between the two. For example, an individual could meet a person in a secondary group who over time becomes a close, personal friend or a romantic partner who becomes a spouse. These people become part of the individuals primary group. Such an overlap can result in confusion or embarrassment for those involved, for instance, when a child enters a school where a parent is a teacher or administrator or when an intimate romantic relationship develops between coworkers. Key Takeaways Here is a nutshell description of social groups and the distinctions between primary and secondary social groups: Social groups  include two or more people who interact and share a sense of unity and common identity.Primary groups are small and characterized by close, personal relationships that last a long time.Secondary groups include impersonal, temporary relationships that are goal-oriented.Secondary groups often have an organized structure, an authority figure who oversees the rules, while primary groups are typically informally organized.There often is an overlap between primary and secondary groups that arises, for example, if an individual forms a personal relationship with someone in a secondary group. Sources: https://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-social-groups-primary-secondary-and-reference-groups.html sociologydiscussion.com/difference-between/differences-between-primary-social-group-and-secondary-social-group/2232 https://quizlet.com/93026820/sociology-chapter-1-flash-cards/

Microtubules Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Microtubules - Essay Example aments, which demonstrate diverse turnover rates, are closely associated with actin binding proteins which differ, and it has been postulated that they determine the differences in turnover rates. This plasticity of the internal structure of the actins is responsible for the difference in filament turnover rates in different cellular locations. This is accomplished through direct control of the filament stability and through modulation of protein binding affecting the stability of the filaments (Kueha et al., 2008). These, therefore, are mechanoskelatal proteins which convert energy released by hydrolysis of ATP or from ion gradients and generate mechanical forces. The most important feature of these proteins that while they bind, they carry their own cargo, and hence movement at a specific direction of this protein as a result of microtubular shortening would result in movement of the cargo from one location to the other within the cell. This allows an avenue of movement of the cellular proteins to the target area where further chemical reaction may take place. Thus, this is an example of accessory protein which in association with the cellular microtubules can cause sliding movement between the microtubules that are adjacent and at the same time causes movement of the cytoplasmic particles along a single microtubule to its target (Gibbon, 1988). Recent studies on accessory proteins associated with microtubules demonstrate that cytosolic dyneins are associated with retrograde transmission of intraxonal vesicles within neural tissues, and the forward motion of such vesicles is effected by another accessory protein, namely, kinesins. At the same time, within the brain neural tissues accessory proteins have been located which vary in molecular weights and binding... This essay focuses on the discussion of the microtubules, that on the molecular level comprise of tubulin molecules, which in turn are a heterodimer comprising of globular polypeptides, alpha and beta tubulin which are closely related and tightly linked. Many cellular functions are controlled by these microtubules which essentially are mediated through polymerisation and depolymerisation, which are controlled by nucleotide GTP. Following synthesis, there are molecular rearrangements within these microtubules are stabilized with accessory proteins, which are specific for particular tubulin. In this assignment from different cellular examples, these interactions between the specific accessory proteins and the microtubule molecular structure will be examined in order to describe the structures and functions of these specific accessory proteins. It has been demonstrated in the essay, that within the cell, there is continuous modification of microtubules which is conferred through a proce ss of binding to other proteins. These are known as microtubule associated proteins or accessory proteins. The two main roles that these microtubule-accessory protein complexes perform are stabilization of the microtubular molecular structure against disassembly and more importantly mediation of their interactions with other components of the cell. The most significant and ubiquitous protein associated are ATPases which transduce energy also known as microtubule motor proteins which induce a sliding between adjacent microtubules.

International strategic management Individual assignment Essay

International strategic management Individual assignment - Essay Example However, before plunging into the deeper perspective of the said topic, looking into the history of democratic government of Russia as well as its inclusion to the G8, and how G8 was formed, is an important thing to do to further assess the capability of the said country to lead in a prestigious and important group such as the G8. Also, there are those who doubt the capability of G8 as some have claimed that Russia has still remnants of communists' ideology which is in contrary to the ideals of G8. In this case, there are those who claim that the country's loyalty to G8 is still in question as there are still hanging issues with regards to the country, and therefore the country must first arrange its internal problem before venturing into such issue. If we are to deal with history, the country has engaged into cold war with the United States and other countries. This was due to the decision of the former Soviet Union to have a socialist/communist government in the aforementioned country. This made USSR engaged in a long-tern economic hiatus on trade, investments and other related endeavors which deprived the country of enjoying several economic benefits and international tie-ups with regards to trade and investments. However, in 1991, the country has experienced a tremendous change... The reforms immediately devastated the living standards of much of the population, especially the groups dependent on Soviet-era state subsidies and welfare entitlement programs. Through the 1990s, Russia's GDP fell by 50 percent, vast sectors of the economy were wiped out, inequality and unemployment grew dramatically, while incomes fell. Hyperinflation wiped out a lot of personal savings, and tens of millions of Russians were plunged into poverty. In August 1991, Yeltsin won international plaudits for casting himself as a democrat and defying the August coup attempt of 1991 by hard-line Communists. But he left office widely despised as a desperate, ailing autocrat among the Russian population. As president, Yeltsin's conception of the presidency was highly autocratic. Yeltsin either acted as his own prime minister (until June 1992) or appointed men of his choice, regardless of parliament. His confrontations with parliament climaxed in the October 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, when Yeltsin called up tanks to shell the Russian White House, blasting out his opponents in parliament. Later in 1993, Yeltsin imposed a new constitution with strong presidential powers, which was approved by referendum in December" The said move was deemed by the Russian as the dawn of the new day for them as they have seen several investors and trade agreements which boosted the economy of the said country. However, in 1998, the country has experienced downfall of the economy in line with the economic crisis in the world. This prompted Yeltsin to tender his resignation on the eve of New Year in 1999. Vladimir Puttin succeeded the leader and has

Big Problem Management in Tex-mark Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Big Problem Management in Tex-mark - Essay Example It can be argued that language posed a great barrier to project success. Erick seemed to be well informed about how unqualified or incompetent employees may contribute to delay in implementing projects. His intentions were to ensure that there was no a repeat of what had happened in Mexico and china. He argues that a projected aimed at being completed in a shot duration took longer time than expected. An example of such an occurrence is the one cited about what happened in India. It is argued that an eight moth research assignment consumed three years, and this according to Eric was as a result of incompetent employees. Fred’s Selfishness could not allow him to train locals and employ them to undertake some duties. He was unable to work in harmony with authorities in the country, and this hindered operations of the research assignment, thus leading to delay in its completion. Alternative solutions However, the company may still get back on its track if Eric can make some effor ts to solve problems facing the company. He should first lay down all the problems facing the company, and enumerate the best possible solutions to them. Such issue should be raised before the higher authorities on a regular basis. Persistence is important when it comes to such matters of concern, not forgetting the enormous challenge facing them especially now that they are about to venture in to a more challenging zone: China. Any company that fails to advance in its human resource capacity is always faced by constant problems in its operations and managerial matters. Some of the ways through which such advances are achieved is through attending workshops and seminars on various fields, instituting training programs, or advancing education levels. Therefore, Eric should take stand and insist on the training program for not only employees sent abroad, but also to the rest of the employees. The program should be planned in a manner that it deals with the current problems, and foreca sts on the future requirements that would be catered for by the program. Underperforming and or expatriate employees may not add value to any organization. In fact, the company should ensure that all its employees are subjected to a performance measure contract, which evaluates the performance of all employees. This way, there would be no reason to continue keeping employees who fail to perform. They are considered to be liabilities rather than assets to the company, and over continued to being in the company increases costs, thus reducing the profit margin of the company. It is necessary for the company to add a policy of employing locals of foreign countries in order to minimize some costs such as training and exportation of employees who would require extra compensation and allowances during their stay in other countries. In fact, the company should look for ways of having affiliate or subsidiary companies in foreign countries of interest. This way, the company will enjoy the ben efit accrued from being locally known company in those foreign countries. Budgetary concerns As long as the there is efficiency in handling international assignments, and that they become cost effective, then the proposed solutions to the problems facing the company can be argued to be fine. Proposed solutions should also include reevaluation of how the consulting firm may help the company oversee smooth running of its assignment in the foreign markets. In this regard, the consulting firm should be made to understand that charging Tex-Mark higher fees for training jeopardizes the profit margins of the company. There